Temporomandibular joint (SSŻ) dysfunctions

Key aspects of dental physiotherapy:

• Diagnostics and assessment of joint function:
  • The physiotherapist assesses the range of mandibular motion, movement symmetry, muscle tension within the face, neck, and nape, and the presence of clicking or popping in the joint.
  • Collaboration with a dentist, orthodontist, or maxillofacial surgeon is often necessary for a comprehensive diagnosis.

• Therapeutic techniques:
  • Joint mobilizations: Gentle manual techniques improving joint mobility and eliminating its blockages.
  • Myofascial therapy: Relaxing tight muscles, such as the masseter, temporal, or neck muscles.
  • Functional exercises: Exercises improving coordination and control of mandibular movements.
  • Taping: Use of kinesiology tapes to stabilize the joint and reduce muscle tension.
  • Relaxation techniques: Helpful in reducing emotional tension, which often contributes to teeth grinding (bruxism) and tension within the joint.

• Patient education:
  • Learning the proper resting position of the mandible (tongue on the palate, teeth slightly apart, lips closed).
  • Eliminating habits that strain the joint, such as chewing gum, biting pens, or clenching teeth.
  • Relaxation techniques and stress management that can affect facial and neck muscle tension.

• Interdisciplinary collaboration:
  • The physiotherapist often collaborates with other specialists, such as an orthodontist, prosthodontist, or laryngologist, to ensure comprehensive treatment for the patient.

• Most common problems requiring physiotherapy:
  • Bruxism (teeth grinding).
  • Articular disc dislocation (often with a click).
  • Myofascial pain within the face and neck.
  • Limitations in mandibular mobility (e.g., trismus).
  • Tension headaches associated with SSŻ dysfunctions.